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Salvation (from Latin: salvatio, from salva, 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. [1] In religion and theology, salvation generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its consequences. [2] [3] The academic study of salvation is called soteriology.
Soteriology (/ s oʊ ˌ t ɪr i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; Ancient Greek: σωτηρία sōtēría "salvation" from σωτήρ sōtḗr "savior, preserver" and λόγος lógos "study" or "word" [1]) is the study of religious doctrines of salvation. Salvation theory occupies a place of special significance in many religions. [2]
In Christian theology, redemption (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολύτρωσις, apolutrosis) refers to the deliverance of Christians from sin and its consequences. [1] Christians believe that all people are born into a state of sin and separation from God, and that redemption is a necessary part of salvation in order to obtain eternal life. [2]
There is no concept of original sin in Islam. The Fall of Adam is interpreted as an allegory for mankind's behavior; they sin, become aware of their sin, then repent. [116] Accordingly, Islam neither acknowledges nor aspires salvation from evil in the world. [115] Salvation is achieved by purifying one's soul, to go to paradise after death. [114]
Collective salvation is the religious belief that members of a group collectively influence the salvation of the group to which they belong. Collective salvation can teach that the group is collectively one person by its nature. [1] The concept of collective salvation appears at times in Christianity, [2] Islam, [3] and Judaism. [4]
Those arguing against non-Muslim salvation regard this verse to have applied only until the arrival of Muhammad, after which it was abrogated by another verse: "And whoever desires other than Islam as religion—never will it be accepted from him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers. (Q.3:85). [99] [100] [101] [102]
This concept arises mostly from the Hadith. Muslim tradition constructs a narrative similarly found in Christian theology, seeing Jesus arriving at the end of time and descending upon earth to fight the Antichrist. This narrative is understood to champion the cause of Islam, with some traditions narrating Jesus pointing to the primacy of Muhammad.
In contrast to Jannah, the words Jahannam, an-Nār, jaheem, saqar, and other terms are used to refer to the concept of hell. There are many Arabic words for both Heaven and Hell that also appear in the Qu'ran and in the Hadith. Most of them have become part of Islamic beliefs. [16]