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Strategic management processes and activities. Strategy is defined as "the determination of the basic long-term goals of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals."
Porter wrote in 1980 that strategy targets either cost leadership, differentiation, or focus. [1] These are known as Porter's three generic strategies and can be applied to any size or form of business.
Miles and Snow identify three types of competitive strategies, those adopted by defender, analyzer and prospector types of organization, and a fourth, non-strategic type of organization, whose competitive behaviour is reactive to the perceived environmental conditions within which it operates. [2]
Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to attain strategic goals.. Furthermore, it may also extend to control mechanisms for guiding the implementation of the strategy.
Strategic planning's role is "to realise and to support strategies developed through the strategic thinking process and to integrate these back into the business". [14] Henry Mintzberg wrote in 1994 that strategic thinking is more about synthesis (i.e., "connecting the dots") than analysis (i.e., "finding the dots"). It is about "capturing what ...
According to Porter, the appropriate level for constructing a value chain is the business unit within a business, [4] not a business division or the company as a whole. Porter is concerned that analysis at the higher company levels may hide certain sources of competitive advantage only visible at the business unit level. [5]
The process of business model design is part of business strategy. Business model design and innovation refer to the way a firm (or a network of firms) defines its business logic at the strategic level. In contrast, firms implement their business model at the operational level, through their business operations.
At the graduate level students aiming at careers as managers or executives may choose to specialize in major subareas of management or business administration such as entrepreneurship, human resources, international business, organizational behavior, organizational theory, strategic management, [29] accounting, corporate finance, entertainment ...