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Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. [9] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology, philosophy, mysticism and jurisprudence, have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings. [16] Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called ajr , thawab , or hasanat .
The kingdom was believed to have been founded by Merah Silu, who later converted to Islam and adopted the name Malik ul Salih, in the year 1267 CE. [2] After the 1521 Portuguese invasion, the garrison evacuated Pasai in 1524 and the first Sultan of Aceh, Ali Mughayat Syah , annexed the territory .
Unlike contemporary scholarship, which relied on traditions and historical narratives from early Islam, Ibn Taymiyya's methodology was a mixture of the selective use of hadith and a literal understanding of the Quran. [225] [226] He rejected most philosophical approaches to Islam and proposed a clear, simple and dogmatic theology instead. [225]
There are three types of Islamic schools in Indonesia: pesantren, madrasah, and sekolah islam. Pesantren can be small with just a few teachers and students to quite large with dozens of teachers and hundreds of students. Pesantren are led by hereditary kyais, who lead the school and have religious authority.
Siyar A‘lām al-Nubalā’ (Arabic: سير أعلام النبلاء, lit. 'Biographies of Eminent Nobles') is a biographical dictionary written by al-Dhahabi containing biographies of eminent Muslims throughout Islamic history up to al-Dhahabi's era.
ʿAbd (عبد) (for male) ʾAmah (أمة) (for female) Servant or worshipper. Muslims consider themselves servants and worshippers of God as per Islam.Common Muslim names such as Abdullah (Servant of God), Abdul-Malik (Servant of the King), Abdur-Rahmān (Slave of the Most Beneficent), Abdus-Salām (Slave of [the originator of] Peace), Abdur-Rahîm (Slave of the Most Merciful), all refer to ...
Sufism (Arabic: الصوفية, romanized: al-Ṣūfiyya or Arabic: التصوف, romanized: al-Taṣawwuf) is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, and asceticism.