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Volume concentration, % Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C Density relative to 4 °C water ... Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume ...
At atmospheric pressure, mixtures of ethanol and water form an azeotrope at about 89.4 mol% ethanol (95.6% ethanol by mass, [84] 97% alcohol by volume), with a boiling point of 351.3 K (78.1 °C). [85] At lower pressure, the composition of the ethanol-water azeotrope shifts to more ethanol-rich mixtures. [86]
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a standard measure of the volume of alcohol contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage, expressed as a volume percent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in 100 mL (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) of solution at 20 °C (68 °F).
The volume of such a mixture is slightly less than the sum of the volumes of the components. Thus, by the above definition, the term "40% alcohol by volume" refers to a mixture of 40 volume units of ethanol with enough water to make a final volume of 100 units, rather than a mixture of 40 units of ethanol with 60 units of water.
Excess volume of a mixture of ethanol and water. Another example of the apparent molar volume of the second component is less than its molar volume as a pure substance is the case of ethanol in water. For example, at 20 mass percents ethanol, the solution has a volume of 1.0326 liters per kg at 20 °C, while pure water is 1.0018 L/kg (1.0018 cc ...
Elements in their natural state are mixtures of isotopes of differing mass; thus, atomic masses and thus molar masses are not exactly integers. For instance, instead of an exact 14:3 proportion, 17.04 g of ammonia consists of 14.01 g of nitrogen and 3 × 1.01 g of hydrogen, because natural nitrogen includes a small amount of nitrogen-15, and ...
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High percentage ethanol mixtures are used in some racing engine applications as the very high octane rating of ethanol is compatible with very high compression ratios. Ethanol fuel mixtures have "E" numbers which describe the percentage of ethanol fuel in the mixture by volume, for example, E85 is 85% anhydrous ethanol and 15% gasoline. Low ...