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Scientists are judged by the number of papers they publish, and by the impact of those papers. Both measures are integrated into the most popular single value measure -index. The -index correlates with winning the Nobel Prize, being accepted for research fellowships and holding positions at top universities. [28]
It contains original research results or reviews existing results. Such a paper, also called an article, will only be considered valid if it undergoes a process of peer review by one or more referees (who are academics in the same field) who check that the content of the paper is suitable for publication in the journal. A paper may undergo a ...
As of 2010, industry-funded papers generally get cited more than others; this is probably due in part to industry-paid publicity. [15] [18] Some journals engage in coercive citation, in which an editor forces an author to add extraneous citations to an article to inflate the impact factor of the journal in which the extraneous papers were ...
The concept of bibliographic coupling was introduced by M. M. Kessler of MIT in a paper published in 1963, [3] and has been embraced in the work of the information scientist Eugene Garfield. [4] It is one of the earliest citation analysis methods for document similarity computation and some have questioned its usefulness, pointing out that two ...
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. . Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is availa
Content usually takes the form of articles presenting original research, review articles, or book reviews.The purpose of an academic journal, according to Henry Oldenburg (the first editor of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society), is to give researchers a venue to "impart their knowledge to one another, and contribute what they can to the Grand design of improving natural knowledge ...
Scientific papers have been categorised into ten types. Eight of these carry specific objectives, while the other two can vary depending on the style and the intended goal. [4] Papers that carry specific objectives are: [4] An original article provides new information from original research supported by evidence.
It builds on historical research by Gould, [18] Biagioli, [19] Spier, [11] and Rip. [20] The first Peer Review Congress met in 1989. [21] Over time, the fraction of papers devoted to peer review has steadily declined, suggesting that as a field of sociological study, it has been replaced by more systematic studies of bias and errors. [2]