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Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO 2. It is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ores.
Cerium(III) oxide, also known as cerium oxide, cerium trioxide, cerium sesquioxide, cerous oxide or dicerium trioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It has chemical formula Ce 2 O 3 and is gold-yellow in color. According to X-ray crystallography, the Ce(III) ions are seven-coordinate, a motif typical for other trivalent lanthanide ...
Cerium oxide: Nanoscale cerium oxide is used in electronics, biomedical supplies, energy, and fuel additives. Many applications of engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles naturally disperse themselves into the environment, which increases the risk of exposure.
Cerium(IV) oxide ("ceria") has the fluorite structure, similarly to the dioxides of praseodymium and terbium. Ceria is a nonstoichiometric compound, meaning that the real formula is CeO 2−x, where x is about 0.2. Thus, the material is not perfectly described as Ce(IV). Ceria reduces to cerium(III) oxide with hydrogen gas. [25]
Cerium(III) sulfate is one of the few salts whose solubility in water decreases with rising temperature. [12] Ceric ammonium nitrate. Due to ligand-to-metal charge transfer, aqueous cerium(IV) ions are orange-yellow. [13] Aqueous cerium(IV) is metastable in water [14] and is a strong oxidizing agent that oxidizes hydrochloric acid to give ...
The main disadvantage of the stoichiometric ceria cycle lies in the fact that the reduction reaction temperature of cerium(IV) oxide is at the same range of the melting temperature (1,687–2,230 °C) of cerium(IV) oxide (), [5] which in the end results in some melting and sublimation of the material, which can produce reactor failures such as ...
Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) (known alternatively as gadolinia-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GCO), cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO), or cerium(IV) oxide, gadolinium-doped, formula Gd:CeO 2) is a ceramic electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).
Lanthanum(III) oxide, also known as lanthana, chemical formula La 2 O 3, is an inorganic compound containing the rare earth element lanthanum and oxygen. It is used in some ferroelectric materials, as a component of optical materials, and is a feedstock for certain catalysts, among other uses.