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Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the lander to Venus and served as a communications relay for it.
Kosmos 167 (Russian: Космос 167 meaning Cosmos 167), or 4V-1 No.311, was a 1967 Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Venus.A spacecraft launched as part of the Venera programme, Kosmos 167 was intended to land on Venus but never departed low Earth orbit due to a launch failure.
The Doppler measurements of the Venera 4 to 7 probes were the first evidence of the existence of zonal winds with high speeds of up to 100 metres per second (330 ft/s, 362 km/h, 225 mph) in the Venusian atmosphere (super rotation). Along with the pressure and temperature data acquired Venera 7 also measured atmospheric composition. [7] [5]
The spacecraft was named Kosmos 96, part of a series typically used for military and experimental satellites in order to cover up the failure. Had it departed Earth's orbit, it would have received the next designation in the Venera series, at the time Venera 4. Kosmos 96 was destroyed when it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 9 December 1965 ...
Artificial object Image Country Landing date Landing mass Coordinates Venera 3: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union March 1, 1966 377 kg (831 lb) [a 1]: Venera 4: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: October 18, 1967 : 377 kg (831 lb) : Venera 5: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: May 16, 1969 : 410 kg (900 lb) : Venera 6: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: May 17, 1969 : ...
Venera 4's battery ran out while still slowly floating through the massive atmosphere, and Venera 5 and 6 were crushed by high pressure 18 km (60,000 ft) above the surface. The first successful landing on Venus was by Venera 7 on December 15, 1970 — the first successful soft (non-crash) landing on another planet, as well as the first ...
Venera 4V-2 (Russian: Венера 4В-2) was a series of two identical spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union, consisting of Venera 15 and Venera 16. [1] Both uncrewed orbiters were to map the surface of Venus using high resolution imaging systems. The spacecraft were identical and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes.
Venera 3 was intended to soft-land on Venus. Contact with the spacecraft was lost before arrival, and Venera 3 crashed. [1] Venera 4: Venus 12 June 1967 Molniya 8K78M Baikonur 1/5 18 October 1967 entered atmosphere: 129 days (4 mo, 7 d) Venera 4, a Venus atmosphere probe, continued to transmit to an altitude of 25 km [2] Venera 5: Venus 5 ...