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Let = (,) be a graph (or directed graph) containing an edge = (,) with .Let be a function that maps every vertex in {,} to itself, and otherwise, maps it to a new vertex .The contraction of results in a new graph ′ = (′, ′), where ′ = ({,}) {}, ′ = {}, and for every , ′ = ′ is incident to an edge ′ ′ if and only if, the corresponding edge, is incident to in .
This university learning plan consists of a primer on discrete mathematics and its applications including a brief introduction to a few numerical analysis.. It has a special focus on dialogic learning (learning through argumentation) and computational thinking, promoting the development and enhancement of:
Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that can be considered "discrete" (in a way analogous to discrete variables, having a bijection with the set of natural numbers) rather than "continuous" (analogously to continuous functions).
Discrete mathematics, also called finite mathematics, is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete, in the sense of not supporting or requiring the notion of continuity. Most, if not all, of the objects studied in finite mathematics are countable sets , such as integers , finite graphs , and formal languages .
Michael Ira Rosen (born March 7, 1938) is an American mathematician who works on algebraic number theory, arithmetic theory of function fields, and arithmetic algebraic geometry. Biography [ edit ]
Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous.In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic [1] – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values. [2]
Analogously, in any group G, powers b k can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm log b a is an integer k such that b k = a. In number theory , the more commonly used term is index : we can write x = ind r a (mod m ) (read "the index of a to the base r modulo m ") for r x ≡ a (mod m ) if r is a primitive root of m and gcd ...
In mathematics, specifically in spectral theory, a discrete spectrum of a closed linear operator is defined as the set of isolated points of its spectrum such that the rank of the corresponding Riesz projector is finite.