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Bose–Einstein condensate was first predicted, generally, in 1924–1925 by Albert Einstein, [2] crediting a pioneering paper by Satyendra Nath Bose on the new field now known as quantum statistics. [3] In 1995, the Bose–Einstein condensate was created by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman of the University of Colorado Boulder using rubidium atoms ...
In music theory, a perfect fifth is the musical interval corresponding to a pair of pitches with a frequency ratio of 3:2, or very nearly so.. In classical music from Western culture, a fifth is the interval from the first to the last of the first five consecutive notes in a diatonic scale. [2]
The fundamental chords of tonal music—major and minor triads and also seventh chords—all contain fifth intervals.. Perfect fifths are contained in major and minor triads and in particular seventh chords (especially major-minor sevenths with dominant function, major sevenths, and minor sevenths).
Euler's Tonnetz. The Tonnetz originally appeared in Leonhard Euler's 1739 Tentamen novae theoriae musicae ex certissismis harmoniae principiis dilucide expositae.Euler's Tonnetz, pictured at left, shows the triadic relationships of the perfect fifth and the major third: at the top of the image is the note F, and to the left underneath is C (a perfect fifth above F), and to the right is A (a ...
The standard tempered fifth has a frequency ratio of 2 7/12:1 (or about 1.498307077:1), approximately two cents narrower than a justly tuned fifth. Ascending by twelve justly tuned fifths fails to close the circle by an excess of approximately 23.46 cents , roughly a quarter of a semitone , an interval known as the Pythagorean comma .
5-limit Tonnetz. Five-limit tuning, 5-limit tuning, or 5-prime-limit tuning (not to be confused with 5-odd-limit tuning), is any system for tuning a musical instrument that obtains the frequency of each note by multiplying the frequency of a given reference note (the base note) by products of integer powers of 2, 3, or 5 (prime numbers limited to 5 or lower), such as 2 −3 ·3 1 ·5 1 = 15/8.
Both Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein become Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics at high temperature or at low concentration. Bose–Einstein statistics was introduced for photons in 1924 by Bose and generalized to atoms by Einstein in 1924–25. The expected number of particles in an energy state i for Bose–Einstein statistics is:
Wyschnegradsky considered it a good approximation of the eleventh harmonic [1] (11:8 or 551.32 cents). [2] A narrower undecimal major fourth is found at 537 cents (the ratio 15:11). 31 equal temperament has an interval of 542 cents, which lies in between the two types of undecimal major fourth.