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Toxic encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater ...
Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE) is a condition induced by long-term exposure to organic solvents, often—but not always—in the workplace, that lead to a wide variety of persisting sensorimotor polyneuropathies and neurobehavioral deficits even after solvent exposure has been removed.
Hypoglycemic encephalopathy is often seen in diabetics as a result to accidental overdose with the long-acting sulfonylurea drug group. [12] Brain regions affected by toxic leukoencephalopathy have been seen to be affected by this disease as well; however, hypoglycaemic encephalopathy has been known to involve both white and grey matter ...
Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy: A catch-all for brain dysfunction caused by infection, organ failure, or intoxication. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy : A collection of diseases all caused by prions, and characterized by "spongy" brain tissue (riddled with holes), impaired locomotion or coordination, and a 100% mortality rate.
Encephalopathy as a result of head trauma is a possible cause of organic brain syndrome: Specialty: Psychiatry, Neurology: Symptoms: Depends on the cause,usually memory problems, personality changes, mood swings, cognitive impairment, vision and movement problems [medical citation needed] Usual onset: Over 60 years old: Causes: Organ damage ...
Hippuric acid has long been used as an indicator of toluene exposure; [14] however, there appears to be some doubt about its validity. [15] There is significant endogenous hippuric acid production by humans; which shows inter- and intra-individual variation influenced by factors such as diet, medical treatment, alcohol consumption, etc. [15] This suggests that hippuric acid may be an ...
Lead encephalopathy is a medical emergency and causes permanent brain damage in 70–80% of children affected by it, even those that receive the best treatment. [32] The mortality rate for people who develop cerebral involvement is about 25%, and of those who survive who had lead encephalopathy symptoms by the time chelation therapy was begun ...
Immediate treatment for the syndrome should not be delayed as it has a high mortality of between 10-20%. [39] Differentiating NMS from other neurological disorders can be very difficult. The diagnosis is suggested on patients with a history of drug exposure to the most common inducing agents such as strong antidopaminergic medications.