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Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement ...
Epitaxy can involve single-crystal structures, although grain-to-grain epitaxy has been observed in granular films. [1] [2] For most technological applications, single-domain epitaxy, which is the growth of an overlayer crystal with one well-defined orientation with respect to the substrate crystal, is preferred. Epitaxy can also play an ...
The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. The word crystal derives from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος ( krustallos ), meaning both " ice " and " rock crystal ", [ 3 ] from κρύος ( kruos ), "icy cold, frost".
Growth rate is influenced by several physical factors, such as surface tension of solution, pressure, temperature, relative crystal velocity in the solution, Reynolds number, and so forth. The main values to control are therefore: Supersaturation value, as an index of the quantity of solute available for the growth of the crystal;
The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones.
Crystal growth is achieved by the further addition of folded polymer chain segments and only occurs for temperatures below the melting temperature T m and above the glass transition temperature T g. Higher temperatures destroy the molecular arrangement and below the glass transition temperature, the movement of molecular chains is frozen. [ 6 ]
In the process, many small crystals formed initially (nuclei) slowly disappear, except for a few that grow larger, at the expense of the small crystals (crystal growth). The smaller crystals act as fuel for the growth of bigger crystals. Limiting Ostwald ripening is fundamental in modern technology for the solution synthesis of quantum dots. [17]
Basic crystal growth methods can be separated into four categories based on what they are artificially grown from: melt, solid, vapor, and solution. [2] Specific techniques to produce large single crystals (aka boules ) include the Czochralski process (CZ) , Floating zone (or Zone Movement), and the Bridgman technique .