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Meralgia paresthetica or meralgia paraesthetica is pain or abnormal sensations in the outer thigh not caused by injury to the thigh, but by injury to a nerve which provides sensation to the lateral thigh. Meralgia paresthetica is a specific instance of nerve entrapment. [5] The nerve involved is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN).
Entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is caused by compression of the nerve near the anterior superior iliac spine and the inguinal ligament. [2] This causes meralgia paraesthetica (Bernhardt-Roth syndrome). [2] [5] This may be diagnosed with ultrasound, which changes the morphology of the nerve. [1]
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
Sometimes compression occurs in areas that are not considered tunnels and where a nerve passes between two mechanically stiffer tissue types that can squeeze or pinch the soft nerve. Examples include the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at the inguinal ligament [8] and the middle cluneal nerves at the long posterior sacroiliac ligament. [9]
Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a nerve entrapment condition that causes chronic pain of the abdominal wall. [1] It occurs when nerve endings of the lower thoracic intercostal nerves (7–12) are 'entrapped' in abdominal muscles, causing a severe localized nerve (neuropathic) pain that is usually experienced at the front of the abdomen.
Another branch observed, that is mentioned in passing in previous literature is the medial branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. [3]In a 2021 study by Steele et al. (Annals of Anatomy), a medial branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve was observed in approximately 36% of lower extremities dissected (n=208) with an average diameter of 1.47 ± 0.655 mm with a 95% CI of 1.31 – 1.625 mm.
The dorsal branch (ramus dorsalis; posterior branch) descends, along the dorsal surface of the radial side of the forearm to the wrist.. It supplies the skin of the lower two-thirds of the dorso-lateral surface of the forearm, communicating with the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm of the radial nerve.
Lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia, often known as Meralgia Paresthetica, involves neuropathic pain on the outer thigh. The use of a nerve decompression or neurectomy to treat nerve pain along the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a firmly established surgical treatment.