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Kramers' opacity law describes the opacity of a medium in terms of the ambient density and temperature, assuming that the opacity is dominated by bound-free absorption (the absorption of light during ionization of a bound electron) or free-free absorption (the absorption of light when scattering a free ion, also called bremsstrahlung). [1]
The Elliott formula describes analytically, or with few adjustable parameters such as the dephasing constant, the light absorption or emission spectra of solids. It was originally derived by Roger James Elliott to describe linear absorption based on properties of a single electron–hole pair. [ 1 ]
The assumption that the free field is identically zero is the core of the absorber idea. It means that the radiation emitted by each particle is completely absorbed by all other particles present in the universe. To better understand this point, it may be useful to consider how the absorption mechanism works in common materials.
In atomic, molecular, and optical physics, the Einstein coefficients are quantities describing the probability of absorption or emission of a photon by an atom or molecule. [1] The Einstein A coefficients are related to the rate of spontaneous emission of light, and the Einstein B coefficients are related to the absorption and stimulated ...
The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption, emission, and scattering processes. The equation of radiative transfer describes these interactions mathematically. Equations of radiative transfer have application in a wide variety of subjects including optics, astrophysics, atmospheric science, and remote sensing.
Thus a net power is released into the electric field equal to the photon energy hν times this net transition rate. In order for this to be a positive number, indicating net stimulated emission, there must be more atoms in the excited state than in the lower level: >. Otherwise there is net absorption and the power of the wave is reduced during ...
The absorption coefficient for spectral flux (a beam of radiation with a single wavelength, [W/m 2 /μm]) differs from the absorption coefficient for spectral intensity [W/sr/m 2 /μm] used in Schwarzschild's equation. Integration of an absorption coefficient over a path from s 1 and s 2 affords the optical thickness (τ) of that path, a ...
Defining equation (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; List of equations in classical mechanics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of equations in wave theory; List of photonics equations; List of relativistic equations; Relativistic wave equations