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Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
For instance, cloudy or milky urine usually accompanied by bad smell possibly indicates urinary tract infection, [1] excessive discharge of crystals, fat, white blood cells, red blood cells, or mucus. [1] Dark urine that looks brown but clear might be a warning sign of a serious liver disease like hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
A positive dipstick result for blood could signify the presence of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or myoglobin, and therefore requires microscopic analysis for confirmation. [143] Intact red blood cells will normally be observed under the microscope if present, but they may lyse in dilute or alkaline samples. [97] Hemoglobinuria, if unaccompanied ...
Serous fluid may also originate from mixed glands, which contain both mucous and serous cells. A common trait of serous fluids is their role in assisting digestion, excretion, and respiration. In medical fields, especially cytopathology, serous fluid is a synonym for effusion fluids from various body cavities.
Heme from red blood cells (RBC) that are in the cerebrospinal fluid because a blood vessel was damaged during the lumbar puncture (a "traumatic tap") has no time to be metabolized, and therefore no bilirubin is present. After the cerebrospinal fluid is obtained, a variety of its parameters can be checked, including the presence of xanthochromia.
Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Abnormal values indicate the presence of anemia and which type of anemia it is.
Synovial fluid examination [1] [2]; Type WBC (per mm 3) % neutrophils Viscosity Appearance Normal <200: 0: High: Transparent Osteoarthritis <5000 <25: High: Clear yellow Trauma <10,000