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This design was called the Push-Stick Osmotic Pump (PSOP), and utilized two separate drug layers with different concentrations of methylphenidate in addition to the (now quite robust) push layer. [1] [14] An illustration of the different inner components of a tablet of Concerta, a PSOP OROS design.
As the tablet passes through the body, water is absorbed through the semipermeable membrane via osmosis, and the resulting osmotic pressure is used to push the active drug through the opening(s) in the tablet. OROS is a trademarked name owned by ALZA Corporation, which pioneered the use of osmotic pumps for oral drug delivery. [10] [11] [12]
Some of the smallest infusion pumps use osmotic power. Basically, a bag of salt solution absorbs water through a membrane, swelling its volume. The bag presses medicine out. The rate is precisely controlled by the salt concentrations and pump volume. Osmotic pumps are usually recharged with a syringe.
The compression ratio of the micropump as one of the critical performance indicator is defined as the ratio between the stroke volume, i.e. fluid volume displaced by the pump membrane over the course of the pump cycle, and the dead volume, i.e. the minimum fluid volume remaining in the pump chamber in pumping mode. [15]
Osmotic dilators, also known as hygroscopic dilators, are medical implements used to dilate the uterine cervix by swelling as they absorb fluid from surrounding tissue. [1] They may be composed of natural or synthetic materials. A laminaria stick or tent is a thin rod made of the stems of dried Laminaria, a genus of kelp.
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