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The legal community has criticized the present rules with regard to freeze-out mergers as being biased against the interests of the minority shareholders. For example, if a gain in stock value is anticipated by the majority, they can deprive the frozen-out minority of its share of those gains. [4]
Drag-along right (DAR) is a concept in corporate law, often encountered in the context of venture capital and private equity.. Under the concept, if the majority shareholder(s) of an entity sells their stake, the prospective owner(s) have the right to force the remaining minority shareholders to join the deal.
Shareholder oppression occurs when the majority shareholders in a corporation take action that unfairly prejudices the minority. It most commonly occurs in non-publicly traded companies, because the lack of a public market for shares leaves minority shareholders particularly vulnerable, since minority shareholders cannot escape mistreatment by selling their stock and exiting the corporation. [1]
A "drag-along" will be observed where a majority shareholder will oblige minority shareholders to sell their shares at the same time to a third party; the latter are dragged in to the sale of shares of the former. [2] For example, say Abe owns 55% of Widgets Inc., and wants to sell his shares to Bill for $55. Chuck owns 2 shares of Widgets Inc.
Consider an example: A and B are both shareholders in a company, with A being the majority shareholder and B the minority shareholder. C, a third party, offers to buy A's shares at an attractive price, and A accepts. In this situation, tag-along rights would allow B to also participate in the sale under the same terms and conditions as A.
The Companies Act 2006 in the United Kingdom gives minority shareholders certain rights. Minority shareholder protections in United States corporate law may amount to a blocking minority. Voting in the Council of the European Union uses 'qualified majority voting', which means that a significant minority of countries and populations may block a ...
The Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) and analogous provincial corporation statutes confer appraisal rights on minority shareholders when the following changes to the corporation are proposed: certain amendments to a company's articles of incorporation; an amalgamation, or merger; moving the corporation to another jurisdiction, which is called a "continuance"; selling all or almost all ...
Shareholder derivative suits permit a shareholder to initiate a suit when management has failed to do so. To enable a diversity of management approaches to risks and reinforce the most common forms of corporate rules with a high degree of permissible management power, many jurisdictions have implemented minimum thresholds and grounds ...