Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Further, the flow is assumed to be incompressible and irrotational – a good approximation of the flow in the fluid interior for waves on a liquid surface – and potential theory can be used to describe the flow. The velocity potential Φ(x, z, t) is related to the flow velocity components u x and u z in the horizontal (x) and vertical (z ...
The mass flow rate can still be increased if the source pressure is increased. Whenever the ratio of the absolute source pressure to the absolute downstream ambient pressure is less than [ (k + 1) / 2] k / (k − 1), then the gas velocity is non-choked (i.e., sub-sonic) and the equation for mass flow rate is:
Flow velocity vector field u = (,) m s −1 [L][T] −1: Velocity pseudovector ... F b = Buoyant force; F g = Gravitational force; W app = Apparent weight of immersed ...
The term (ω ∙ ∇) u on the right-hand side describes the stretching or tilting of vorticity due to the flow velocity gradients. Note that (ω ∙ ∇) u is a vector quantity, as ω ∙ ∇ is a scalar differential operator, while ∇u is a nine-element tensor quantity. The term ω(∇ ∙ u) describes stretching of vorticity due to flow ...
Hence buoyancy force arises as pressure on the bottom surface of the immersed object is greater than that at the top. Flow problems in buildings were studied since 700 B.C. Recent advancements in CFD and CAE have led to comprehensive calculation of buoyancy flows and flows in buildings.
The Reynolds and Womersley Numbers are also used to calculate the thicknesses of the boundary layers that can form from the fluid flow’s viscous effects. The Reynolds number is used to calculate the convective inertial boundary layer thickness that can form, and the Womersley number is used to calculate the transient inertial boundary thickness that can form.
Steady flow. The depth of flow does not change over time, or if it can be assumed to be constant during the time interval under consideration. Unsteady flow. The depth of flow does change with time. Space as the criterion. Uniform flow. The depth of flow is the same at every section of the channel.
The Boussinesq approximation for water waves takes into account the vertical structure of the horizontal and vertical flow velocity. This results in non-linear partial differential equations , called Boussinesq-type equations , which incorporate frequency dispersion (as opposite to the shallow water equations , which are not frequency-dispersive).