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Externalizing disorders (or externalising disorders) are mental disorders characterized by externalizing behaviors, maladaptive behaviors directed toward an individual's environment, which cause impairment or interference in life functioning.
Music therapy is a systematic process; it is not a series of random events. Systematic means that music therapy is "purposeful, organized, methodical, knowledge-based, and regulated" (Bruscia 1998). One of the most important features is its methodical processes. Methodical means that music therapy always proceeds in an orderly fashion.
Problems with self-regulation, including impulsivity, violence, sensation-seeking, and rule-breaking, are indicative of an externalizing risk pathway. [3] A discrepancy exists between bottom-up reward-related circuitry, such as the ventral striatum, and top-down inhibitory control circuitry, which is located in the prefrontal cortex, linking externalizing behaviors. [4]
The psychology of music, or music psychology, may be regarded as a branch of psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and/or musicology.It aims to explain and understand musical behaviour and experience, including the processes through which music is perceived, created, responded to, and incorporated into everyday life.
Music therapy may be suggested for adolescent populations to help manage disorders usually diagnosed in adolescence, such as mood/anxiety disorders and eating disorders, or inappropriate behaviors, including suicide attempts, withdrawal from family, social isolation from peers, aggression, running away, and substance abuse.
In an article, about Music therapy and group work, the authors discuss how music and active listening play an important role in helping someone suffering from a mental illness improve their well-being. [1] For example, in music, attunement, is how listeners are able to connect with others while listening to and making the music. [1]
The Nordoff–Robbins approach to music therapy is a method developed to help children with psychological, physical, or developmental disabilities. [1] It originated from the 17-year collaboration of Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins [2] beginning in 1958, [3] with early influences from Rudolph Steiner and anthroposophical philosophy and teachings. [4]
The results showed that music teachers were definitely higher in extroversion than the general public. Music therapists were also higher on extroversion than introversion, though they scored significantly lower than the teachers. [27] Differences can probably be attributed to teaching being a profession more dependent on extroversion.