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Contreras-Zarate MJ et al. developed and characterized novel heterogeneous and clinically relevant human brain metastasis breast cancer PDXs (BM-PDXs) to study mechanisms of brain metastatic colonization, with the added benefit of a slower progression rate that makes them suitable for preclinical testing of drugs in therapeutic settings. [20]
Evidence of the cancer stem cell model has been demonstrated in multiple tumour types including leukemias, [21] [22] glioblastoma, [23] breast cancer, [24] and prostate cancer. [25] However, the existence of CSCs is still under debate. One reason for this is that markers for CSCs have been difficult to reproduce across multiple tumours.
MMTV-PyMT is the model of breast cancer metastasis, in which MMTV-LTR is used to drive the expression of mammary gland specific polyomavirus middle T-antigen, leading to a rapid development of highly metastatic tumors. [45] MMTV-PyMT is the most commonly used model for the study of mammary tumor progression and metastasis.
Cancer cells spread by intravasation. CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the CNS. [1] Typically, this progression initiates when tumour cells separate from the primary tumour and insert into the bloodstream or the lymph system via intravasation. [2]
Common sites of metastasis for breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast ...
A brain metastasis is a cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body and is therefore considered a secondary brain tumor. [1] [2] The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. [3] Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer, as primary tumors that ...
By promoting these interactions, E-cadherin is able to support cellular motility and aid tumor cells navigate the tissue structures which drives metastasis. [3] [5] Research emphasizes E-cadherin as a major biomarker in metastatic cancers such as breast and colorectal cancers. Low levels of E-cadherin are often linked to poor clinical outcomes ...
This is a list of major breast cancer cell lines that are primarily used in breast cancer research. [Notes 1] ... Metastasis (pleural effusion) Yes: Yes [9] No: