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The nuclear lamina consists of two components, lamins and nuclear lamin-associated membrane proteins. The lamins are type V intermediate filaments which can be categorized as either A-type (lamin A, C) or B-type (lamin B 1, B 2) according to homology of their DNA sequences, biochemical properties and cellular localization during the cell cycle.
The nuclear envelope is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. These membranes are connected to each other by nuclear pores. Two sets of intermediate filaments provide support for the nuclear envelope. An internal network forms the nuclear lamina on the inner nuclear membrane. [7]
Nuclear lamins interact with inner nuclear membrane proteins to form the nuclear lamina on the interior of the nuclear envelope. Lamins have elastic and mechanosensitive properties, and can alter gene regulation in a feedback response to mechanical cues. [1] Lamins are present in all animals but are not found in microorganisms, plants or fungi.
The nuclear pore complex (NPC), is a large protein complex giving rise to the nuclear pore. Nuclear pores are found in the nuclear envelope that surrounds the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells . The nuclear envelope is studded by a great number of nuclear pores that give access to various molecules, to and from the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.
Laminins were previously numbered as they were discovered, i.e., laminin-1, laminin-2, laminin-3, etc., but the nomenclature was changed to describe which chains are present in each isoform (laminin-111, laminin-211, etc.). [3] In addition, many laminins had common names before either laminin nomenclature was in place. [7] [8]
4001 16906 Ensembl ENSG00000113368 ENSMUSG00000024590 UniProt P20700 P14733 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001198557 NM_005573 NM_010721 RefSeq (protein) NP_001185486 NP_005564 NP_034851 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 126.78 – 126.84 Mb Chr 18: 56.84 – 56.89 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Lamin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNB1 gene. The nuclear lamina consists of ...
The main components of the nuclear envelope are a double membrane, nuclear pore complexes, and a nuclear lamina internal to the inner nuclear membrane. These components are dismantled during prophase and prometaphase and reconstructed during telophase, when the nuclear envelope reforms on the surface of separated sister chromatids.
In this model, proteins diffuse freely from the ER to the inner nuclear membrane, where association with nuclear lamina or chromatin immobilizes them. [9] A nuclear localisation signal is not sufficient to target a protein to the INM, and the N-terminal domain of LBR cannot translocate into the nuclear lumen if its size is increased from 22 to ...