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Jean Baptiste André Dumas (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ɑ̃dʁe dyma]; 14 July 1800 – 10 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities.
He collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Dumas, and together they discovered the methyl radical during experiments on wood spirit . The terminology "methyl alcohol" was created by both chemists from "wood wine". They also prepared the gaseous dimethyl ether, and many esters.
Thirty-two years previously, Jean-Baptiste Dumas, appointed chemistry tutor at the École polytechnique in 1824, had created a small personal laboratory there, the school no longer having research equipment. He maintained this laboratory at his own expense until the revolution of 1848 following which he occupied important political functions.
It was introduced as early as 1835 by French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot after determining methanol's chemical structure. They coined it the Greek μέθυ ( methy ) "wine" and ὕλη ( hȳlē ) "wood, patch of trees" (even though the correct Greek word for the substance "wood" is xylo- ) with the intention of highlighting ...
In 1834, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas determined chloroform's empirical formula and named it: [26] "Es scheint mir also erweisen, dass die von mir analysirte Substanz, … zur Formel hat: C 2 H 2 Cl 6." (Thus it seems to me to show that the substance I analyzed … has as [its empirical] formula: C 2 H 2 Cl 6.). [Note: The coefficients of ...
Jean-Baptiste Dumas used the terms "physical atoms" and "chemical atoms"; a "physical atom" was a particle that cannot be divided by physical means such as temperature and pressure, and a "chemical atom" was a particle that could not be divided by chemical reactions. [27]
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The Dumas method of molecular weight determination was historically a procedure used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown volatile substance. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The method was designed by the French chemist Jean Baptiste André Dumas , after whom the procedure is now named.