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Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. [8] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. [9]
A 3D model of ethyne , the simplest alkyne. In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.
The molecular structure of an ynolate (left) and a generic silyl derivative (right) Ynolates are chemical compounds with a negatively charged oxygen atom attached to an alkyne functionality. [ 3 ] They were first synthesized in 1975 by Schöllkopf and Hoppe via the n -butyllithium fragmentation of 3,4-diphenylisoxazole.
In the presence of excess oxygen, hydrocarbons combust. With, however, careful conditions, which have been optimized for many years, partial oxidation results. Useful compounds can obtained in this way: maleic acid from butane, terephthalic acid from xylenes, acetone together with phenol from cumene (isopropylbenzene), and cyclohexanone from ...
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications.
The most common triple bond is in a nitrogen N 2 molecule; the second most common is that between two carbon atoms, which can be found in alkynes. Other functional groups containing a triple bond are cyanides and isocyanides. Some diatomic molecules, such as diphosphorus [1] and carbon monoxide, are also triple bonded.
The simplest alkene, ethylene (C 2 H 4) (or "ethene" in the IUPAC nomenclature) is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. [5] Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, however their structure and properties are sufficiently distinct that they are not classified as alkenes or olefins. [3]
Sulfuric acid contains two hydroxy groups.. Water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and many other hydroxy-containing compounds can be readily deprotonated due to a large difference between the electronegativity of oxygen (3.5) and that of hydrogen (2.1).