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Recently, copper alloys have become important netting materials in aquaculture (the farming of aquatic organisms including fish farming).Various other materials including nylon, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, plastic-coated welded wire, rubber, patented twine products (Spectra, Dyneema), and galvanized steel are also used for netting in aquaculture fish enclosures around the world.
A medicated fish bath (ideally using aquarium merbromin, alternately methylene blue, or potassium permanganate and salt), [5] is generally a first step, as well lowering the aquarium temperature to 75 °F (24 °C) is a must, since columnaris is much more virulent at higher temperatures, especially 85–90 °F.
Quaternary ammonium compounds [1] can be added to the water of infected adult fish and fry. Alternatively, the antibiotic oxytetracycline [2] can be given to adults, fry and broodstock. To prevent the disease, it is necessary to ensure water is pathogen-free and that water hardening is completed effectively for eggs.
Dropsy is a condition in fish caused by the buildup of fluid inside the body cavity or tissues. As a symptom rather than a disease in its own right, it can indicate a number of underlying diseases, including bacterial infections, parasitic infections, or liver dysfunction. [1]
Streptococcus iniae is a species of Gram-positive, sphere-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus.Since its isolation from an Amazon freshwater dolphin in the 1970s, S. iniae has emerged as a leading fish pathogen in aquaculture operations worldwide, resulting in over US$100M in annual losses.
Betta, or Siamese fighting, fish are among "the most popular freshwater aquarium fish in the world," PetMD reports. Native to southeast Asia, this species is known for its range of vibrant hues.
Betta antoni is a paternal mouthbrooder, which means that the father incubates the fry in his mouth. The breeding process in Betta antoni is typical of mouthbrooders, and of the B. akarensis cluster of closely related species. [4] The female plays the more active role in initiating courtship and defending the area against intruders.
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