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  2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron...

    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the very topmost 200 atoms, 0.01 um, 10 nm of any surface. It belongs to the family of photoemission spectroscopies in which electron population spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays .

  3. Kai Siegbahn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn

    Siegbahn referred to his technique as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA); it is now usually known as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In 1967 he published a book, ESCA; atomic, molecular and solid state structure studied by means of electron spectroscopy. [4]

  4. Photoemission spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoemission_spectroscopy

    The term refers to various techniques, depending on whether the ionization energy is provided by X-ray, XUV or UV photons. Regardless of the incident photon beam, however, all photoelectron spectroscopy revolves around the general theme of surface analysis by measuring the ejected electrons. [2]

  5. Electron spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spectroscopy

    Electron spectroscopy refers to a group formed by techniques based on the analysis of the energies of emitted electrons such as photoelectrons and Auger electrons.This group includes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and Auger ...

  6. Photoemission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoemission_electron...

    An energy filter can be added to the instrument in order to select the electrons that will contribute to the image. This option is particularly used for analytical applications of the PEEM. By using an energy filter, a PEEM microscope can be seen as imaging Ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS ...

  7. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_X-ray_absorption...

    The dominant physical process in x-ray absorption is one where the absorbed photon ejects a core photoelectron from the absorbing atom, leaving behind a core hole. [1] The ejected photoelectron's energy will be equal to that of the absorbed photon minus the binding energy of the initial core state.

  8. Hemispherical electron energy analyzer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherical_electron...

    Hemispherical electron energy analyzer. A hemispherical electron energy analyzer or hemispherical deflection analyzer is a type of electron energy spectrometer generally used for applications where high energy resolution is needed—different varieties of electron spectroscopy such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron ...

  9. Surface core level shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_core_level_shift

    A surface core level shift (SCS) is a kind of core-level shift that often emerges in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of surface atoms. Because surface atoms have different chemical environments from bulk atoms, small shifts of binding energies are observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

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