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  2. Manganese dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_dioxide

    In a classical laboratory demonstration, heating a mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide produces oxygen gas. Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water: 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2. Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to manganese (III) oxide and oxygen.

  3. Phosphate conversion coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_conversion_coating

    Phosphate conversion coating. Phosphate conversion coating is a chemical treatment applied to steel parts that creates a thin adhering layer of iron, zinc, or manganese phosphates to improve corrosion resistance or lubrication or as a foundation for subsequent coatings or painting. [1][2][3] It is one of the most common types of conversion ...

  4. Passivation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivation_(chemistry)

    Passivation involves creation of an outer layer of shield material that is applied as a microcoating, created by chemical reaction with the base material, or allowed to build by spontaneous oxidation in the air. As a technique, passivation is the use of a light coat of a protective material, such as metal oxide, to create a shield against ...

  5. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    This is sometimes referred to as a unit of standard atmospheres (atm). Total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×1018kg (1.135×1019lb),[42]about 2.5% less than would be inferred from the average sea level pressure and Earth's area of 51007.2 megahectares, this portion being displaced by Earth's mountainous terrain.

  6. Manganese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese

    Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s. It is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

  7. Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth's...

    In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle. It is one of three main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth. Water vapor is the primary greenhouse gas, as of 2010, contributing 50% of the greenhouse effect, followed by ...

  8. Atmospheric chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry

    t. e. Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. [1] It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines.

  9. Carbonate–silicate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate–silicate_cycle

    [1] [2] [3] Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere during burial of weathered minerals and returned to the atmosphere through volcanism. On million-year time scales, the carbonate-silicate cycle is a key factor in controlling Earth's climate because it regulates carbon dioxide levels and therefore global temperature. [3]