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Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied. The first fuel cells were invented by Sir William Grove in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel cells came almost a century later following the invention of the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1932.
Hydrogen may be used in fuel cells for local electricity generation or potentially as a transportation fuel. Hydrogen is produced as a by-product of industrial chlorine production by electrolysis. Although requiring expensive technologies, hydrogen can be cooled, compressed and purified for use in other processes on site or sold to a customer ...
A hydrogen infrastructure is the infrastructure of hydrogen pipeline transport, points of hydrogen production and hydrogen stations for distribution as well as the sale of hydrogen fuel, [1] and thus a crucial prerequisite before a successful commercialization of fuel cell technology. [2] Hydrogen gasification plant for Belinka Perkemija [sl ...
Due to its clean-burning characteristics, hydrogen is a clean fuel alternative for the automotive industry. Hydrogen-based fuel could significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO 2, SO 2 and NO x. Three problems for the use of hydrogen fuel cells (HFC) are efficiency, size, and safe onboard storage of the gas. Other major ...
Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell or hydrogen turbine. [ 3 ]
With zero emissions and reduced maintenance, the hydrogen fuel cell powertrain system offers the same operational flexibility as diesel. [4] The ferry generates electricity from hydrogen fuel cells to run electric motors for up to 300 nautical miles at a speed of 15 knots.
Creating pure hydrogen for vehicles requires using a great deal of energy to "crack" a compound like natural gas (CH4) into pure H2, with CO2 as a byproduct. (Most hydrogen today is derived from ...
At high concentrations, hydrogen gas is an asphyxiant, but is not otherwise toxic. [5] ISO Technical Committee 197 is developing standards governing hydrogen applications. Standards are available onboard systems, fuel tanks and vehicle refueling systems and for production (including electrolysis and steam methane reformers). [4]