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Frustum. In geometry, a frustum (Latin for 'morsel'); [a] (pl.: frusta or frustums) is the portion of a solid (normally a pyramid or a cone) that lies between two parallel planes cutting the solid. In the case of a pyramid, the base faces are polygonal and the side faces are trapezoidal. A right frustum is a right pyramid or a right cone ...
The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2] It is called the shoelace formula because of the constant cross-multiplying for the coordinates making up the ...
Graph of = /. Gabriel's horn is formed by taking the graph of =, with the domain and rotating it in three dimensions about the x axis. The discovery was made using Cavalieri's principle before the invention of calculus, but today, calculus can be used to calculate the volume and surface area of the horn between x = 1 and x = a, where a > 1. [6]
A right trapezoid (also called right-angled trapezoid) has two adjacent right angles. [13] Right trapezoids are used in the trapezoidal rule for estimating areas under a curve. An acute trapezoid has two adjacent acute angles on its longer base edge. An obtuse trapezoid on the other hand has one acute and one obtuse angle on each base.
A triangle with sides a, b, and c. In geometry, Heron's formula (or Hero's formula) gives the area of a triangle in terms of the three side lengths Letting be the semiperimeter of the triangle, the area is 1. It is named after first-century engineer Heron of Alexandria (or Hero) who proved it in his work ...
The theorem applied to an open cylinder, cone and a sphere to obtain their surface areas. The centroids are at a distance a (in red) from the axis of rotation.. In mathematics, Pappus's centroid theorem (also known as the Guldinus theorem, Pappus–Guldinus theorem or Pappus's theorem) is either of two related theorems dealing with the surface areas and volumes of surfaces and solids of ...
The second moment of area, also known as area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with respect to an arbitrary axis. The unit of dimension of the second moment of area is length to fourth power, L 4, and should not be confused with the mass moment of inertia.
Trapezoidal rule. The function f (x) (in blue) is approximated by a linear function (in red). In calculus, the trapezoidal rule (also known as the trapezoid rule or trapezium rule) [a] is a technique for numerical integration, i.e., approximating the definite integral: The trapezoidal rule works by approximating the region under the graph of ...