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Affective empathy, also called emotional empathy, [27] is the ability to respond with an appropriate emotion to another's mental states. [26] Our ability to empathize emotionally is based on emotional contagion: [27] being affected by another's emotional or arousal state. [28] Affective empathy can be subdivided into the following scales: [26] [29]
Sympathy is a stage in social and moral development. It typically arises when a child is between two and three years old, although some instances of empathic emotion can be seen as early as 18 months. Basic sharing of emotions, a precursor for sympathy, can be seen in infants.
Empathic concern refers to other-oriented emotions elicited by, and congruent with the perceived welfare of, someone in need. [ 1 ] These other-oriented emotions include feelings of tenderness, sympathy, compassion and soft-heartedness. Empathic concern is often confused with empathy. To empathize is to respond to another's perceived emotional ...
Empathy and sympathy are often mixed up, but they're totally different emotions. A psychotherapist explains the key differences between the two reactions:
Compassion is a social feeling that motivates people to go out of their way to relieve the physical, mental, or emotional pains of others and themselves. Compassion is sensitivity to the emotional aspects of the suffering of others. When based on notions such as fairness, justice, and interdependence, it may be considered partially rational in ...
In psychology, a dark empath is a person capable of empathising, but uses their empathy to feign sympathy, flatter, and exploit others. Dark empaths are associated with dark triad traits such as Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. These personality types like the ability to control others and utilize them for their own benefit.
Emotional contagion. Emotional contagion is a form of social contagion that involves the spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors. [1][2] Such emotional convergence can happen from one person to another, or in a larger group. Emotions can be shared across individuals in many ways, both implicitly or explicitly.
Martin L. Hoffman was an American psychologist and a professor emeritus of clinical and developmental psychology at New York University. [1] In his career, Hoffman is primarily focused on development of empathy and its relationship with moral development, [2] which he defines as "people's consideration for others." [3]