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v. t. e. In Christian theology, justification is the event or process by which sinners are made or declared to be righteous in the sight of God. [ 1 ] In the 21st century, there is now substantial agreement on justification by most Christian communions. The collective bodies of most of the largest Christian denominations, including Catholic ...
In confession, the church believes, God judges a person in the sense of bringing to light his or her sins, by granting the person the ability to confess his or her sins to the confessor, then grants the person repentance and, through the confessor, grants the person forgiveness. God's forgiveness restores the person to "the brightness of the ...
t. e. In Christianity, salvation (also called deliverance or redemption) is the saving of human beings from sin and its consequences [ a ] —which include death and separation from God —by Christ's death and resurrection, [ 1 ] and the justification entailed by this salvation. The idea of Jesus' death as an atonement for human sin was ...
Imputed righteousness is a concept in Christian theology proposing that the "righteousness of Christ...is imputed to [believers]—that is, treated as if it were theirs—through faith." [ 1 ]: 106 It is on the basis of Jesus' righteousness that God accepts humans. This acceptance is also referred to as justification.
In the teaching of the Catholic Church, an indulgence (Latin: indulgentia, from indulgeo, 'permit') is "a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for (forgiven) sins". [ 1 ] The Catechism of the Catholic Church describes an indulgence as "a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already ...
The key difference here is that for Anselm, satisfaction is an alternative to punishment, "it is necessary either that the honor taken away be repaid, or else that punishment follow." [2] By Christ satisfying our debt of honor to God, we avoid punishment. In Calvinist penal substitution, it is the punishment which satisfies the demands of justice.
Catholic social doctrine is rooted in the social teachings of the New Testament, [13] the Church Fathers, [14] the Old Testament, and Hebrew scriptures. [15] [16] The church responded to historical conditions in medieval and early modern Europe with philosophical and theological teachings on social justice which considered the nature of humanity, society, economy, and politics. [17]
The PCPCU and the Lutheran World Federation acknowledge in the declaration that the excommunications relating to the doctrine of justification set forth by the Council of Trent do not apply to the teachings of the Lutheran churches set forth in the text; likewise, the churches acknowledged that the condemnations set forth in the Lutheran Confessions do not apply to the Catholic teachings on ...