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Buddhist Tantric texts may have begun appearing during the Gupta Period (320–550 CE). [2] [3] However, the earliest known datable Buddhist Tantra is the Awakening of Mahāvairocana Tantra, which was mentioned and collected by the Chinese pilgrim Wu-xing (無行) c. 680 CE.
The Nama-samgiti was preached by Shakyamuni Buddha for his disciple Vajrapani and his wrathful retinue in order to lead them into buddhahood. The essence of the Nama-samgiti is that Manjushri bodhisattva is the embodiment of all knowledge. The Nama-samgiti is a short text, only circa 160 verses and a prose section.
Each action tantra text generally centers on a particular Buddha or Bodhisattva, and many are based on dharanis. Some of these texts are actually titled "sutra" or "dharani". Action tantra includes various practices for deities such as Medicine Buddha, "the eleven faced" Chenrezig and Vajrapani. Examples of Action Tantra texts include: [7]
Stepping to the right, regally crowned and lying over a bed of snakes; [23] in Achala-Vajrapani form he is shown with four heads, four arms and four legs adorned with symbols of vajra, sword, lasso and skull cup and trampling over demons; [23] Mahachakra-Vajrapani is a form with three heads and a third eye, and with six arms and two legs.
Vajrakilaya is a significant Vajrayana deity who transmutes and transcends obstacles and obscurations. Padmasambhava achieved realisation through practicing Yangdag Heruka (Tibetan: yang dag he ru ka), [2] but only after combining it with the practice of Vajrakilaya to clean and clear obstacles and obscurations.
Buddhalocanā's mantra in the Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa (found in chapter 37) is: [24] oṁ ru ru sphuru jvala tiṣṭha siddhalocane sarvārthasādhani svāhā. According to the Guhyasamājatantra, each Buddha family is also assigned a specific mantra: [17] Vairocana - Buddha family mantra: jinajik; Akṣobhya - Vajra family mantra: vajradhr̥k
It is often done one or more times a day and can vary amongst the Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana sects. The liturgy mainly consists of chanting or reciting a sutra or passages from a sutra, a mantra (especially in Vajrayana), and several gathas. Depending on what practice the practitioner wishes to undertake, it can be done at a temple or ...
In a Mantrayana text translated during the Tang Dynasty, the mantra of Mahākāla appears as: Oṃ Mahākālāya svāhā. [14] The same mantra also appears in a Tibetan text from Dunhuang. [15] This mantra (or rather, its Sino-Japanese form: On Makakyaraya sowaka), is the main mantra of this deity in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism. [16] [17]