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MR arthrography is most often used in evaluation of the hip and acetabular labrum, of the shoulder rotator cuff and glenoid labrum, and less often in the wrist. [2] Arthrograms can be diagnostic and therapeutic. Therapeutic arthrograms often distend the joint with cortisone and lidocaine, with a common site being the shoulder.
Hydrodilatation or hydraulic arthrographic capsular distension or distension arthrography is a medical treatment for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. [1] The treatment is applied by a radiologist assisted by a radiographer. Contrast medium, a local anaesthetic and cortisone are injected into the joint.
A 2007 meta-analysis described the shoulder abduction relief test as having low to moderate sensitivity and moderate to high specificity. [5] Another study in 1981 found that 15 of 22 patients with unremitting radicular pain reported relief with shoulder abduction. [1]
Evaluation of passive and active range of motion: Neck range of motion should be assessed that may reveal a neck source of shoulder pain. The Apley scratch test specifically tests range of motion and in a normal exam, an individual should be able to reach C7 on external rotation, and T7 on internal rotation.
Medical history (the patient tells the doctor about an injury). For shoulder problems the medical history includes the patient's age, dominant hand, if injury affects normal work/activities as well as details on the actual shoulder problem including acute versus chronic and the presence of shoulder catching, instability, locking, pain, paresthesias (burning sensation), stiffness, swelling, and ...
The pain has been described as dull rather than sharp, and lingers for long periods of time, making it hard to fall asleep. [2] Other symptoms can include a grinding or popping sensation during movement of the shoulder. [4] The range of motion at the shoulder may be limited by pain.
The shoulder joint is considered a ball-and-socket joint. However, in bony terms the 'socket' (the glenoid fossa of the scapula) is quite shallow and small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the head of the humerus). The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum, stabilizing the shoulder joint. [1] [2]
Shoulder dislocation is a common complication of upper limb trauma (arm pulled while in abduction or direct impact to shoulder) resulting with the humeral head sitting anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa. Technique is as follows: [2] Step 1 Sit patient up (without slouching, towel or pillow down spine) and place into analgesic position. ‘Hold ...