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In botany, drought tolerance is the ability by which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions , surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance , detoxification , or repair of xylem embolism. [ 3 ]
Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their tissues , during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut ...
For example, in hot weather they may overheat and suffer from temperature stress. They have no specific adaptations to overcome this, but, if there is enough water in the soil to allow this, they can increase their rate of transpiration by opening their stomata, thus meaning some heat is removed by the evaporating water.
Safflower is drought tolerant. [11] The tap root makes moisture from deep soil layers available. [9] Additionally, this tolerance can also be explained by the higher water use efficiency compared to other oil crops such as linseed and mustard. [12] Shortly before and during maximum flowering water requirements are the highest. [9]
Maize (Zea mays, Poaceae) is the most widely cultivated C 4 plant.[1]In botany, C 4 carbon fixation is one of three known methods of photosynthesis used by plants. C 4 plants increase their photosynthetic efficiency by reducing or suppressing photorespiration, which mainly occurs under low atmospheric CO 2 concentration, high light, high temperature, drought, and salinity.
His pupil, Theophrastus, in Historia Plantarum (c. 350 BC), was the first who formally recognized plant habits: trees, shrubs and herbs. [ 3 ] Some earlier authors (e.g., Humboldt , 1806) did classify species according to physiognomy, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] but were explicit about the entities being merely practical classes without any relation to ...
The kodo millet can survive well on marginal soils; var. scrobiculatum requires very little water in order to grow, and thus has very good drought tolerance. [7] It can be cultivated without an irrigation system. Farmyard manures provide adequate nutrients in terms of adding fertilizer, but kodo millets can still survive on low-nutrient soils.
Drought rhizogenesis is an adaptive root response to drought stress. New emerging roots are short, swollen, and hairless, capable of retaining turgor pressure and resistant to prolonged desiccation. Upon rewatering, they are capable of quickly forming an absorbing root surface and hair growth.