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Iatrogenesis is the causation of a disease, a harmful complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity, including diagnosis, intervention, error, or negligence. [1][2][3] First used in this sense in 1924, [1] the term was introduced to sociology in 1976 by Ivan Illich, alleging that industrialized societies impair quality of life by ...
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). [1] Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH), while pituitary gland disorders are due ...
Genetics of infertility. About 10–15% of human couples are infertile, unable to conceive. In approximately in half of these cases, the underlying cause is related to the male. The underlying causative factors in the male infertility can be attributed to environmental toxins, systemic disorders such as, hypothalamic–pituitary disease ...
Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome. Infertility in polycystic ovary disease (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance in women that is thought to be one of the leading causes of female infertility. [1][2][3][4] Polycystic ovary syndrome causes more than 75% of cases of anovulatory infertility. [5]
Infertility is "a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea). Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child.
Female infertility refers to infertility in women. It affects an estimated 48 million women, [2] with the highest prevalence of infertility affecting women in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa/Middle East, and Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia. [2] Infertility is caused by many sources, including nutrition, diseases, and other ...
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time when menstrual periods permanently stop, marking the end of reproduction. [1][6] It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, although the exact timing can vary. [7] Menopause is usually a natural change. [3]
Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine concerning the male and female reproductive systems. It encompasses a variety of reproductive conditions, their prevention and assessment, as well as their subsequent treatment and prognosis. Reproductive medicine has allowed the development of artificial reproductive techniques (ARTs) which have ...