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The most common cause of female infertility are ovulation problems, usually manifested by scanty or absent menstrual periods. [6] Male infertility is most commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. [7]
A major cause of female infertility is premature ovarian insufficiency. [54] This insufficiency is a heterogeneous disease that affects about 1% of women who are under the age of 40. [54] Some instances of female infertility are caused by DNA repair dysregulation during meiosis. [54]
Male infertility refers to a sexually mature male's inability to impregnate a fertile female. [1] In humans, it accounts for 40–50% of infertility. [2][3][4][5] It affects approximately 7% of all men. [6] Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. [7]
Genetics of infertility. About 10–15% of human couples are infertile, unable to conceive. In approximately in half of these cases, the underlying cause is related to the male. The underlying causative factors in the male infertility can be attributed to environmental toxins, systemic disorders such as, hypothalamic–pituitary disease ...
Hyperprolactinaemia is the most common cause of AHH. It is a well-established cause of infertility in both male and female mammals. [6] Prolactin inhibits GnRH neurons and therefore inhibits the subsequent release of LH, FSH and sex steroids. The mechanism of prolactin induced inhibition of GnRH release is poorly understood. [6]
Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine concerning the male and female reproductive systems. It encompasses a variety of reproductive conditions, their prevention and assessment, as well as their subsequent treatment and prognosis. Reproductive medicine has allowed the development of artificial reproductive techniques (ARTs) which have ...
The diagnosis of infertility causes many males to question their masculinity.Male factor infertility is frequently associated with high levels of social stigma; for example, in a study exploring the views of fertile individuals towards infertile men and women, Miall (1994) [6] found that male infertility was frequently seen as arising from sexual dysfunction and was thus associated with higher ...
The male infertility crisis is an increase in male infertility since the mid-1970s. [1] The issue attracted media attention after a 2017 meta-analysis found that sperm counts in Western countries had declined by 52.4 percent between 1973 and 2011. [2][3] The decline is particularly prevalent in Western countries such as New Zealand, Australia ...