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Vitamin A supplementation of children under five who are at risk of VAD has been found to reduce all‐cause mortality by 12 to 24%. [29] Side effects of vitamin A supplements are rare. Vitamin A toxicity is a rare concern associated with high levels of vitamin A over prolonged periods of time.
Vitamin A status involves eye health via two separate functions. Retinal is an essential factor in rod cells and cone cells in the retina responding to light exposure by sending nerve signals to the brain. An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. [6] Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid is essential to normal epithelial cell ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes , immune function and reproductive development. [ 3 ]
Preformed vitamin A is fat-soluble and high levels have been reported to affect metabolism of the other fat-soluble vitamins D, [24] E, and K. The toxic effects of preformed vitamin A might be related to altered vitamin D metabolism, concurrent ingestion of substantial amounts of vitamin D, or binding of vitamin A to receptor heterodimers ...
2. Vitamin B12. One of eight B-complex vitamins, vitamin B12 is found naturally in some types of fish, red meat and fortified foods.It plays a key role in central nervous system function, DNA ...
Newborn infants are a special case. Plasma vitamin K is low at birth, even if the mother is supplemented during pregnancy, because the vitamin is not transported across the placenta. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for premature and term newborn and young infants.
Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A.
A major cause of Bitot's spots is vitamin A deficiency (VAD). [4] Rarely, pellagra due to deficiency of vitamin B 3 (niacin) may also cause Bitot's spots. [5] They can also be caused by Colestyramine , which is a bile acid sequestrant which can reduce the absorption of fat soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, K)