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The first transistor was successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947, at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. Bell Labs was the research arm of American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T). The three individuals credited with the invention of the transistor were William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The introduction of the ...
The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p ...
[30]: 153 [31]: 145 Shive's invention sparked [32] Shockley's invention of the junction transistor. [30]: 143 A few months later he invented an entirely new, considerably more robust, type of transistor with a layer or 'sandwich' structure. This structure went on to be used for the vast majority of all transistors into the 1960s, and evolved ...
The invention of the transistor in December 1947 is one of the hallmark moments in humanity’s technological history, right up there with Maxwell’s equations and Alessandro Volta’s battery.
The first transistor hi-fi system was developed by engineers at GE and demonstrated at the University of Philadelphia in 1955. [9] In terms of commercial production, The Fisher TR-1 was the first "all transistor" preamplifier, which became available mid-1956. [10] In 1961, a company named Transis-tronics released a solid-state amplifier, the ...
A stylized replica of the point-contact transistor invented at Bell Labs on December 23, 1947. The point-contact transistor was the first type of transistor to be successfully demonstrated. It was developed by research scientists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at Bell Laboratories in December 1947.
John Bardeen (/ b ɑːr ˈ d iː n /; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) [2] was an American electrical engineer and theoretical physicist.He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of ...
The first working transistor was a point-contact transistor invented by John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Shockley at Bell Labs in 1947. Shockley had earlier theorized a field-effect amplifier made from germanium and silicon, but he failed to build such a working device, before eventually using germanium to invent the point ...