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If these nerves do not detect stretching, the body determines perceives low blood pressure as a dangerous stimulus and signals are not sent, preventing the inhibition CNS action; blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases, causing an increase in blood pressure in the body. [4]
The "fight or flight" response causes the secretion of hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline which stimulate additional physiological needs to increase respiratory, cardiac, thermoregulatory, and metabolic functions in the body. [11] As a result of specific exercise demands, the body's heart rate also increases, allowing for more blood to ...
The sympathetic nervous system is described as being antagonistic to the parasympathetic nervous system. The latter stimulates the body to "feed and breed" and to (then) "rest-and-digest". The SNS has a major role in various physiological processes such as blood glucose levels, body temperature, cardiac output, and immune system function.
Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...
Stimulation, in general, refers to how organisms perceive incoming stimuli. As such it is part of the stimulus-response mechanism. Simple organisms broadly react in three ways to stimulation: too little stimulation causes them to stagnate, too much to die from stress or inability to adapt, and a medium amount causes them to adapt and grow as they overcome it.
In order to minimize injury and maximize results, a novice should begin at a comfortable level of muscular intensity and advance towards overload of the muscles over the course of an exercise program. [8] [9] Progressive overload requires a gradual increase in volume, intensity, frequency or time in order to achieve the targeted goal of the user.
The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise [3] or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise". [ 4 ] Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology , and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
In one oft-cited example, in 1972, Heath's subject known as "B-19" reported "feelings of pleasure, alertness, and warmth" and "protested each time the unit was taken from him, pleading to self-stimulate just a few more times". [11]