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  2. Pilum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilum

    Pilum. The pilum (Latin: [ˈpiːɫʊ̃]; pl.: pila) was a javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times. It was generally about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long overall, consisting of an iron shank about 7 mm (0.28 in) in diameter and 600 mm (24 in) long with a pyramidal head, attached to a wooden shaft by either a socket or a flat tang.

  3. Spiculum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiculum

    A spiculum is a late Roman spear [1] that replaced the pilum as the infantryman's main throwing javelin around 250 AD. Scholars suppose that it could have resulted from the gradual combination of the pilum and two German spears, the angon and the bebra. As more and more Germans joined the Roman army, their culture and traditions became a ...

  4. Roman military personal equipment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_personal...

    The pilum (plural pila) was a heavy javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times. It was generally somewhat less than two metres (6 ft 7 in) long overall, consisting of a wooden shaft from which projected an iron shank about 7 mm (0.28 inches) in diameter and 60 cm (23.6 in) long with a pyramidal head.

  5. Javelin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javelin

    A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon. Today, the javelin is predominantly used for sporting purposes such as the javelin throw. The javelin is nearly always thrown by hand, unlike the sling, bow, and crossbow, which launch projectiles

  6. Hastati - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastati

    The entire Roman army was destroyed at the Battle of the Allia in a crushing defeat that prompted reforms by Marcus Furius Camillus. [4] Under the new system , men were sorted into classes based on wealth; the hastati were the third poorest, with the rorarii being slightly poorer and the principes slightly wealthier. [ 5 ]

  7. Sudis (stake) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudis_(stake)

    The sudis (pl.: sudes) was a stake carried by Roman legionaries for employment as a field fortification, sometimes also called vallus. It is frequently, but incorrectly, called a pilum murale (lit. ' wall spear '). Typically, two such stakes were carried by each soldier.

  8. Sarissa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarissa

    Connolly wrote that the cavalry spear was depicted as a primary weapon (rather than a Roman pilum which could be thrown once, like a javelin) and thus should be able to be used repeatedly. Connolly arranged for a modern horse rider to test out reconstructed spears of several of the possible lengths, and found it plausible that a cavalry spear ...

  9. Hasta pura (military decoration) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasta_pura_(military...

    The hasta was a thrusting weapon that was not thrown as were the later pilum, verutum and lancea. A hasta pura was a spear made "without iron" [3] [4] [5] and was in the earliest times the reward of a soldier the first time that he conquered in battle. [6] Later it came to be awarded to a soldier who had struck down an enemy in a sally or ...