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  2. Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel's_incompleteness...

    The combined work of Gödel and Paul Cohen has given two concrete examples of undecidable statements (in the first sense of the term): The continuum hypothesis can neither be proved nor refuted in ZFC (the standard axiomatization of set theory), and the axiom of choice can neither be proved nor refuted in ZF (which is all the ZFC axioms except ...

  3. Necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency

    That is, the two statements must be either simultaneously true, or simultaneously false. [4] [5] [6] In ordinary English (also natural language) "necessary" and "sufficient" indicate relations between conditions or states of affairs, not statements. For example, being a man is a necessary condition for being a brother, but it is not sufficient ...

  4. Contingency (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)

    Contingency is one of three basic modes alongside necessity and possibility. In modal logic, a contingent statement stands in the modal realm between what is necessary and what is impossible, never crossing into the territory of either status. Contingent and necessary statements form the complete set of possible statements.

  5. Either/Or (Kierkegaard book) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Either/Or_(Kierkegaard_book)

    Either/Or (Danish: Enten – Eller) is the first published work of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. It appeared in two volumes in 1843 under the pseudonymous editorship of Victor Eremita ( Latin for "victorious hermit").

  6. Either/or - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Either/Or

    Either/Or (Kierkegaard book), an 1843 book by Søren Kierkegaard; Either/Or (Batuman novel), a 2022 novel by Elif Batuman; Either/Or, a 1997 album by Elliott Smith; Either/Or, a 1999 British comedy game show written and presented by Simon Munnery; either...or and neither...nor, examples of correlative conjunctions in English

  7. Problem of future contingents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents

    It is therefore plain that it is not necessary that of an affirmation and a denial, one should be true and the other false. For in the case of that which exists potentially, but not actually, the rule which applies to that which exists actually does not hold good. For Diodorus, the future battle was either impossible or necessary.

  8. Should You Measure Exercise in Steps Or Minutes? - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/measure-exercise-steps...

    A new study suggests that both step counts and minutes can be useful ways to track certain types of physical activity, such as walking, hiking and running.

  9. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In this case, as it turned out, neither the wave—nor the particle—explanation alone suffices, as light behaves like waves and like particles. Three axioms presupposed by the scientific method are realism (the existence of objective reality), the existence of natural laws, and the constancy of natural law.