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Contingency is one of three basic modes alongside necessity and possibility. In modal logic, a contingent statement stands in the modal realm between what is necessary and what is impossible, never crossing into the territory of either status. Contingent and necessary statements form the complete set of possible statements.
In Boolean logic, logical NOR, [1] non-disjunction, or joint denial [1] is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of logical or.That is, a sentence of the form (p NOR q) is true precisely when neither p nor q is true—i.e. when both p and q are false.
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...
Either/Or (Danish: Enten – Eller) is the first published work of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. It appeared in two volumes in 1843 under the pseudonymous editorship of Victor Eremita ( Latin for "victorious hermit").
Either/or and related terms may refer to: Either/Or (Kierkegaard book), an influential book by philosopher Søren Kierkegaard; Either/Or (Batuman novel), a novel by Elif Batuman; Either/Or, music by Elliott Smith; Either/Or, a comedy game show; either...or and neither...nor, examples of correlative conjunctions in English
A set of premises together with a conclusion is called an argument. [ 23 ] [ 3 ] An inference is the mental process of reasoning that starts from the premises and arrives at the conclusion. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] But the terms "argument" and "inference" are often used interchangeably in logic.
5.47321 "Occam's Razor is, of course, not an arbitrary rule nor one justified by its practical success. It simply says that unnecessary elements in a symbolism mean nothing. Signs which serve one purpose are logically equivalent; signs which serve no purpose are logically meaningless."
A formula that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is said to be logically contingent. Such a formula can be made either true or false based on the values assigned to its propositional variables. The double turnstile notation is used to indicate that S is a tautology.