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  2. Convergence tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_tests

    1.15.3 Gauss's test. 1.15.4 Kummer's test. ... convergence tests are methods of testing for the ... This is also known as the nth-term test, test for divergence, ...

  3. Gauss's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss's_method

    NOTE: Gauss's method is a preliminary orbit determination, with emphasis on preliminary. The approximation of the Lagrange coefficients and the limitations of the required observation conditions (i.e., insignificant curvature in the arc between observations, refer to Gronchi [ 2 ] for more details) causes inaccuracies.

  4. Gauge fixing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_fixing

    The electric field E and magnetic field B of Maxwell's equations contain only "physical" degrees of freedom, in the sense that every mathematical degree of freedom in an electromagnetic field configuration has a separately measurable effect on the motions of test charges in the vicinity.

  5. Gauss–Seidel method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss–Seidel_method

    In numerical linear algebra, the Gauss–Seidel method, also known as the Liebmann method or the method of successive displacement, is an iterative method used to solve a system of linear equations. It is named after the German mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel .

  6. Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss–Kronrod_quadrature...

    The Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula is an adaptive method for numerical integration. It is a variant of Gaussian quadrature , in which the evaluation points are chosen so that an accurate approximation can be computed by re-using the information produced by the computation of a less accurate approximation.

  7. Ratio test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio_test

    In mathematics, the ratio test is a test (or "criterion") for the convergence of a series =, where each term is a real or complex number and a n is nonzero when n is large. The test was first published by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and is sometimes known as d'Alembert's ratio test or as the Cauchy ratio test.

  8. Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_representation_in...

    A common method of describing a knot (or link, which are knots of several components entangled with each other) is to consider its projected image onto a plane called a knot diagram. Any given knot (or link) can be drawn in many different ways using a knot diagram.

  9. Gaussian elimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_elimination

    Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1810 devised a notation for symmetric elimination that was adopted in the 19th century by professional hand computers to solve the normal equations of least-squares problems. [7] The algorithm that is taught in high school was named for Gauss only in the 1950s as a result of confusion over the history of the subject. [8]