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Frequency, or its inverse, wavelength; Amplitude, sound pressure or Intensity; Speed of sound; Direction; Sound that is perceptible by humans has frequencies from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. In air at standard temperature and pressure, the corresponding wavelengths of sound waves range from 17 m (56 ft) to 17 mm (0.67 in).
Music theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form, and meter. The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory.
In most pitched musical instruments, the fundamental (first harmonic) is accompanied by other, higher-frequency harmonics. Thus shorter-wavelength, higher-frequency waves occur with varying prominence and give each instrument its characteristic tone quality. The fact that a string is fixed at each end means that the longest allowed wavelength ...
Because amplitude varies directly with sound pressure (A = k 1 P) and sound pressure varies directly with distance (P = k 2 d), such that amplitude also varies directly with distance (A = k 1 (k 2 d) = k 1 k 2 d), the amplitude of the sound as perceived by the listener will be greatest when the speaker is at the point in its rotation closest to ...
In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In other words, it is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, troughs, or zero crossings .
An analog signal (in red) encoded to 4-bit PCM digital samples (in blue); the bit depth is four, so each sample's amplitude is one of 16 possible values (16 = 2 4). In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample , and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample.
Peak-to-peak amplitude (abbreviated p–p or PtP or PtoP) is the change between peak (highest amplitude value) and trough (lowest amplitude value, which can be negative). With appropriate circuitry, peak-to-peak amplitudes of electric oscillations can be measured by meters or by viewing the waveform on an oscilloscope .
The speed of propagation of a wave is equal to the wavelength divided by the period, or multiplied by the frequency: v = λ τ = λ f . {\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{\tau }}=\lambda f.} If the length of the string is L {\displaystyle L} , the fundamental harmonic is the one produced by the vibration whose nodes are the two ends of the ...