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The aortic valve normally has three cusps or leaflets, although in 1–2% of the population it is found to congenitally have two leaflets. [1] The aortic valve is the last structure in the heart the blood travels through before stopping the flow through the systemic circulation. [1]
Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve, and rheumatic fever; a normal valve may also harden over the decades due to calcification. [2] [1] A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population. [1] As of 2014 rheumatic heart disease mostly occurs in the developing world. [1]
Bicuspid aortic valve; Other names: Bicommissural aortic valve [1] The aortic valve controls outflow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta (valve is indicated within the yellow highlighted box). A normal aortic valve is tricuspid. Five types of bicuspid valve are shown, with Type 1 being most prevalent.
More than 50% of patients with aortic valve stenosis have a congenital heart abnormality called a bicuspid aortic valve. The aortic valve is normally three leaflets but when it is bicuspid it is made of two. [6] This increases the risk for aortic stenosis due to increased stress on the leaflets, calcium deposition, turbulent blood flow, and ...
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Aortic valve replacement – Replacement of the aortic valve due to aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, or other reasons. A special kind of replacement called percutaneous aortic valve replacement is done through catheters are does not require open-heart surgery. Aortic valve repair – Repair, instead of replacement, of the aortic valve ...
An aortic homograft is an aortic valve from a human donor, retrieved either after their death or from a heart that is removed to be replaced during a heart transplant. [12] A pulmonary autograft, also known as the Ross procedure , is where the aortic valve is removed and replaced with the patient's own pulmonary valve (the valve between the ...
The closure of the aortic valve contributes the A2 component of the second heart sound. The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and has three cusps. Similar to the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve opens in ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ...
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