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Pretzel bread in the shape of a 7 4 pretzel knot. In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of the circle (S 1) into three-dimensional Euclidean space, R 3 (also known as E 3). Often two knots are considered equivalent if they are ambient isotopic, that is, if there exists a continuous deformation of R 3 which takes one knot to the other.
While inspired by knots which appear in daily life, such as those in shoelaces and rope, a mathematical knot differs in that the ends are joined so it cannot be undone, the simplest knot being a ring (or "unknot"). In mathematical language, a knot is an embedding of a circle in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, .
3 1 knot/Trefoil knot - (2,3)-torus knot, the two loose ends of a common overhand knot joined together 4 1 knot/ Figure-eight knot (mathematics) - a prime knot with a crossing number four 5 1 knot/ Cinquefoil knot , (5,2)-torus knot, Solomon's seal knot, pentafoil knot - a prime knot with crossing number five which can be arranged as a {5/2 ...
Figure-eight knot (mathematics) the only 4-crossing knot; Granny knot (mathematics) and Square knot (mathematics) are a connected sum of two Trefoil knots; Perko pair, two entries in a knot table that were later shown to be identical. Stevedore knot (mathematics), a prime knot with crossing number 6; Three-twist knot is the twist knot with ...
In Knot theory a useful way to visualise and manipulate knots is to project the knot onto a plane—;think of the knot casting a shadow on the wall. A small perturbation in the choice of projection will ensure that it is one-to-one except at the double points, called crossings, where the "shadow" of the knot crosses itself once transversely [3]
The first work of knot theory to include the Borromean rings was a catalog of knots and links compiled in 1876 by Peter Tait. [3] In recreational mathematics, the Borromean rings were popularized by Martin Gardner, who featured Seifert surfaces for the Borromean rings in his September 1961 "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American. [19]
A knot can be described as a link with one component. Links and knots are studied in a branch of mathematics called knot theory . Implicit in this definition is that there is a trivial reference link, usually called the unlink , but the word is also sometimes used in context where there is no notion of a trivial link.
In knot theory, a branch of mathematics, the trefoil knot is the simplest example of a nontrivial knot. The trefoil can be obtained by joining the two loose ends of a common overhand knot, resulting in a knotted loop. As the simplest knot, the trefoil is fundamental to the study of mathematical knot theory.