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The number of wraps will act as a gauge to assess the thickness of unmarked yarn; for example 12 wraps per inch is 12 WPI, and is used to calculate how much yarn is required for various articles, [3] so that 12 is equivalent to 8 ply (worsted weight, medium weight) yarn.
Textile fibers, threads, yarns and fabrics are measured in a multiplicity of units.. A fiber, a single filament of natural material, such as cotton, linen or wool, or artificial material such as nylon, polyester, metal or mineral fiber, or human-made cellulosic fibre like viscose, Modal, Lyocell or other rayon fiber is measured in terms of linear mass density, the weight of a given length of ...
A less precise method is to allow the single to ply against itself: the resulting two ply yarn is about half the number of twists per inch of the single. [2] Thus one can roughly find the number of twists per inch for the single, or one can use the doubled back yarn as a measure.
Weighing scale to determine paper weight. Paper density is a paper product's mass per unit volume.The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils).
Fiber volume ratio is an important mathematical element in composite engineering.Fiber volume ratio, or fiber volume fraction, is the percentage of fiber volume in the entire volume of a fiber-reinforced composite material. [1]
It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa ⋅ m 3 / kg , or N ⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2 , though the latter form is rarely used.
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Grammage and basis weight, in the pulp and paper industry, are the area density of a paper product, that is, its mass per unit of area. Two ways of expressing grammage are commonly used: Two ways of expressing grammage are commonly used: