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ESC control light. Electronic stability control (ESC), also referred to as electronic stability program (ESP) or dynamic stability control (DSC), is a computerized technology [1] [2] that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction (). [3]
The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.
Cornering Brake Control (CBC) is an automotive safety measure that improves handling performance by distributing the force applied on the wheels of a vehicle while turning corners. Introduced by BMW in 1992, the technology is now featured in modern electric and gasoline vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, and trucks.
Dynamic braking is the use of an electric traction motor as a generator when slowing a vehicle such as an electric or diesel-electric locomotive. It is termed " rheostatic " if the generated electrical power is dissipated as heat in brake grid resistors , and " regenerative " if the power is returned to the supply line.
Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction).
Adaptive cruise control does not provide full autonomy: the system only provides some help to the driver, but does not drive the car by itself. [3] For example, the driver is able to set the cruise control to 55mph, if the car while traveling that speed catches up to another vehicle going only 45mph, the ACC will cause the car to automatically brake and maintain a safe distance behind the ...
Furthermore, automatically locking differentials can cause a loss of control on ice where an open differential would allow one wheel to spin and the other to hold, while not transferring power. An example of this would be a vehicle parked sideways on a slippery grade. When both wheels spin, the vehicle will break traction and slide down the grade.
Torque vectoring is a technology employed in automobile differentials that has the ability to vary the torque to each half-shaft with an electronic system; or in rail vehicles which achieve the same using individually motored wheels.