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  2. Atheism and religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism_and_religion

    In Islam, atheists are categorized as kafir , a term that is also used to describe polytheists , and that translates roughly as "denier" or "concealer". Kafir carries connotations of blasphemy and disconnection from the Islamic community. In Arabic, "atheism" is generally translated ilhad , although this also means "heresy".

  3. History of atheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atheism

    [77] [78] However, there were freethinkers and outspoken critics of the Islamic religion such as deists, philosophers, rationalists, and atheists in the medieval Islamic world, [77] [78] one notable figure being the 9th-century scholar Ibn al-Rawandi, who criticized the notion of religious prophecy, including that of Muhammad, and maintained ...

  4. Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist_Manifesto:_The...

    Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (French: Traité d'athéologie) is a 2005 book by French author Michel Onfray.According to Onfray, the term "athéologie" is taken from a project of a series of books written and compiled by Georges Bataille under the vocable La Somme athéologique, which was ultimately never completed.

  5. Irreligion in the Middle East - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Middle_East

    The new atheism popularly rose from the U.S. following the 9/11 attacks and widespread coverage on Islamic extremists, and it found a number of followers within the Middle East. [8] Ismail Mohammed, from Egypt, is a new atheist who utilizes social media platforms to vocalize atheism. An Egyptian newspaper Al-Sabah claimed 3 million of Egypt's ...

  6. Atheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism

    Respondents to religious-belief polls may define "atheism" differently or draw different distinctions between atheism, non-religious beliefs, and non-theistic religious and spiritual beliefs. [180] A 2010 survey published in Encyclopædia Britannica found that the non-religious made up about 9.6% of the world's population, and atheists about 2.0%.

  7. List of atheist philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheist_philosophers

    Michel Onfray (1958–): French writer, philosopher, founder of Université populaire de Caen, and author of Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. [114] [115] Graham Oppy (1960–): Australian philosopher and Associate Dean of Research at Monash University, and Associate Editor of the Australasian Journal of ...

  8. Discrimination against atheists - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Discrimination_against_atheists

    Atheists and religious skeptics can be executed in at least thirteen nations: Afghanistan, Iran, Brunei, Maldives, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Libya, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. [11] [121] According to the most common interpretations of Islam, Muslims are not free to change religion or become an atheist.

  9. Religiosity and intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiosity_and_intelligence

    Reviewing psychological studies on atheists, Miguel Farias noted that studies concluding that analytical thinking leads to lower religious belief "do not imply that atheists are more conscious or reflective of their own beliefs, or that atheism is the outcome of a conscious refutation of previously held religious beliefs" since they too have ...