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The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child.
Genetic disorders are present before birth, and some genetic disorders produce birth defects, but birth defects can also be developmental rather than hereditary. The opposite of a hereditary disease is an acquired disease. Most cancers, although they involve genetic mutations to a small proportion of cells in the body, are acquired diseases.
Huntington's disease; Hirschsprung's disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon; Hypertrichosis; Hypoglossia; Hypomelanism or hypomelanosis (albinism) Hypospadias; Haemophilia; Heterochromia; Hemochromatosis
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease; Legius syndrome; Leiner's disease; Lelis syndrome; Lemierre's syndrome; Lennox–Gastaut syndrome; Lenz microphthalmia syndrome; Lenz–Majewski syndrome; Leriche's syndrome; Leschke syndrome; Lesch–Nyhan syndrome; Lethal congenital contracture syndrome; Lethal white syndrome
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy; Ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis with tylosis; Anonychia-onychodystrophy with brachydactyly type B and ectrodactyly; Aphalangy-syndactyly-microcephaly syndrome; Arakawa's syndrome II; Aromatase excess syndrome; Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia; Autosomal dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2 ...
Autosomal dominant A 50/50 chance of inheritance. Sickle-cell disease is inherited in the autosomal recessive pattern. When both parents have sickle-cell trait (carrier), a child has a 25% chance of sickle-cell disease (red icon), 25% do not carry any sickle-cell alleles (blue icon), and 50% have the heterozygous (carrier) condition. [1]
A hereditary cancer syndrome (familial/family cancer syndrome, inherited cancer syndrome, cancer predisposition syndrome, cancer syndrome, etc.) is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancer and may also cause early onset of these cancers.
Examples of genetic syndromes that are commonly seen in the genetics clinic include chromosomal rearrangements (e.g. Down syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Turner syndrome, Williams syndrome), Fragile X syndrome, Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Huntington disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, and many more.