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The pressure within the tank is 25 psi (170 kPa) or lower [3] [4] with a temperature below 20.27 K (−423.17 °F or −252.87 °C) and a boil-off rate of 0.3% to 0.6% per day [5] The tank is double walled like a vacuum flask with multi-layer insulation, with the valves and fittings enclosed in a cabinet at the lower side or end of the car.
Rotary Railcar Dumper at 45-Degree Rotation. A rotary car dumper or wagon tippler (UK) is a mechanism used for unloading certain railroad cars such as hopper cars, gondolas or mine cars (tipplers, UK). It holds the rail car to a section of track and then rotates the track and car together to dump out the contents.
Modern tank cars carry all types of liquid and gaseous commodities Rows of tank cars at a railyard in the Midwestern United States [1]. A tank car (International Union of Railways (UIC): tank wagon) or tanker is a type of railroad car (UIC: railway car) or rolling stock designed to transport liquid and gaseous commodities.
In rail transport, the U.S. DOT-111 tank car, also known as the TC-111 in Canada, is a type of unpressurized general service tank car in common use in North America. Tank cars built to this specification must be circular in cross section, with elliptical , formed heads set convex outward. [ 1 ]
Bottom loading arms. Top loading arms are used to load or unload road or rail tankers.Loading or unloading is done through the manhole on the top of the tanker. Top loading arms can also be used for tight-fill, vapor recovery, marine and other applications when used with specially designed and engineered components, such as vapor plates, tapered hatch plugs, and inflatable hatch seals. [1]
Diagram showing construction of the DOT 117 tank car. The DOT-117 (TC-117 in Canada) is a type of unpressurized tank car in use on North American railroads. The DOT-117 design was developed in the aftermath of the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster of 2013 in an effort to upgrade the specifications of the then-common DOT-111 and CPC-1232 designs. [1]
The bottom gates on the pneumatic hoppers connect to a hose attached to industrial facilities' storage tanks. Air is injected to fluidize the railcar contents for unloading. [5] The hopper car was developed in parallel with the development of automated handling of such commodities, including automated loading and unloading facilities.
Custody transfer of liquid flow measurement follow guidelines set by the ISO. By industrial consensus, liquid flow measurement is defined as having an overall uncertainty of ±0.25% or better. The overall uncertainty is derived from an appropriate statistical combination of the component uncertainties in the measurement system.