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Job characteristics theory is a theory of work design.It provides “a set of implementing principles for enriching jobs in organizational settings”. [1] The original version of job characteristics theory proposed a model of five “core” job characteristics (i.e. skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) that affect five work-related outcomes (i.e ...
Traits are expressed in work behavior as responses to trait-relevant situational cues; Sources of trait-relevant cues can be grouped into three broad categories or levels: task, social, and organizational; and; Trait expressive work behavior is distinct from job performance, the latter being defined in the simplest terms as valued work behavior.
Job resources: Work engagement is found to be positively associated with job resources such as social support from co-workers and from one's superior, performance feedback, coaching, job control, task variety, opportunities for learning and development, and training facilities. These resources are helpful in reducing the impact of job demands ...
Albanese (1989): Competence is made of individual characteristics which are used to effect an organization's management. Woodruff (1991): Competence is a combination of two topics: personal competence and personal merit at work. Personal merit refers to the skill a person has in a particular work environment.
Work groups – Drawing on the sociotechnical theory and team effectiveness literature, some authors argue that key characteristics of work groups (i.e. composition, interdependence, autonomy, and leadership) can influence the work design of individual team members, although it is acknowledged that evidence on this particular topic is limited.
According to the United States Department of Labor, “In 2009, employed persons worked an average of 7.5 hours on the days they worked, which were mostly weekdays.[In addition to that], 84 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at their workplace.” [7] This indicates that majority of the population spend their waking hours at work, outside their homes.
Worker-oriented procedures aim to examine the human attributes needed to perform the job successfully. [8] These human attributes have been commonly classified into four categories: knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAO). Knowledge is the information people need in order to perform the job.
This model is a multistage one in which certain distal attributes (i.e. dispositional attributes, cognitive abilities, and motives/values) serve as precursors for the development of proximal personal characteristics (i.e. social skills, problem solving skills and expertise knowledge).